Throughout the remainder of COVID-19 and in future pandemics, public health officials could employ relationship framing to inspire risk-aversion and potentially save lives.Menus Icon Bar Menu Icon Accordion Tabs Vertical Tabs Tab Headers Full Page Tabs Hover Tabs Top Navigation Responsive Topnav Split Navigation Navbar with Icons Search Menu Search Bar Fixed Sidebar Side Navigation Responsive Sidebar Fullscreen Navigation Off-Canvas Menu Hover Sidenav Buttons Sidebar with Icons Horizontal Scroll Menu Vertical Menu Bottom Navigation Responsive Bottom Nav Bottom Border Nav Links Right Aligned Menu Links Centered Menu Link Equal Width Menu Links Fixed Menu Slide Down Bar on Scroll Hide Navbar on Scroll Shrink Navbar on Scroll Sticky Navbar Navbar on Image Hover Dropdowns Click Dropdowns Cascading Dropdown Dropdown in Topnav Dropdown in Sidenav Resp Navbar Dropdown Subnavigation Menu Dropup Mega Menu Mobile Menu Curtain Menu Collapsed Sidebar Collapsed Sidepanel Pagination Breadcrumbs Button Group Vertical Button Group Sticky Social Bar Pill Navigation Responsive Header Risk-aversion under the relationship frame aligns with previous research and the theory of illusory superiority. The current study also demonstrates that for all three infection risks analyzed, receiving the relationship frame significantly decreases the likelihood of going out compared with receiving the negative frame. This risk-seeking behavior under the positive frame contrasts with prior research. Results indicate that receiving the positive frame significantly increases the probability of dining out relative to receiving the negative frame for the 5.50% and 8.25% infection risk levels. The regressions controlled for demographic variables such as pre-existing medical conditions, age, and political affiliation. Participant decisions were compared across frames using regression models. Subjects either received a negative frame survey, which provided the likelihood of becoming infected with COVID-19 at the dinner, a positive frame survey, which outlined the chance of staying safe from the virus upon going out, or a relationship frame survey, which gave the probability of exposing one’s household to COVID-19 after the meal. Responses were collected in February and March 2021. In this study, 503 participants were surveyed about their willingness to go out to dinner during the COVID-19 pandemic given three infection probabilities: 2.75%, 5.50%, and 8.25%. Existing literature finds that receiving positively framed information makes people more risk-averse than receiving negatively framed information, but disagreement remains on the strength of this effect and the conditions under which it occurs. Through framing, identical information can be portrayed in different ways.
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